Filesystems

Review of Filesystems

• Filesystem Used to keep track of files and file storage on a disk

• Windows NTFS, Ubuntu ext4

• USB drive - NTTFS formatted

• FAT32: Windows, Linux, Mac OS

Disk Anatomy

• Partition The piece of a disk that you can manage

• Volume

• Partition table Tell the OS how the disk is partitioned

• Master Boot Record - MBR

• GUID Partition Table - GPT

• MBR - 2TB max volume size, Primary partitions

• GPT

  • 2TB or greater volume size
  • One type of partition
  • Unlimited partitions

• UEFI

Windows: Disk Partitioning and Formatting a Filesystem

• Disk Management

• Using GUI

• Diskpart

• Diskpart

• select disk 1

• clean

• create partitions primary

• select partition 1

• active

• format FS=NTFS label=my-thumb-drive quick

Windows: Mounting and Unmounting a Filesystem

• Mounting Making something accessible to the computer, like a filesystem or a hard disk

Linux: Disk Partitioning and Formatting a Filesystem

• parted tool

• Interactive

• Command Line

• Parted I

• sudo parted -l

• sudo parted /dev/sdb

• mkpart

• sudo mkfs -t ext4 /etc/sdb1

• sudo parted -l

Linux: Mounting and Unmounting a Filesystem

• cd /dev/sdb

• sudo mount /dev/sdb /my_usb/

• cd /my_usb

• unmount

• \etc\fstab

• sudo unmount /etc/sdb1

• cat /etc/fstab

• UUID

• sudo blkid

Windows: Swap

• Virtual memory How our OS provies the physical memory available in our computer like RAM to the applications that run on the computer

• Memory Manager

• pagefiles.sys

• GUI

Linux: Swap

• Swap space In Linux, the dedicated area of the hard drive used for virtual memory

• sudo parted /dev/sdb

• mkswap

• swapon

• sudo mkswap /dev/sdb2

• sudo swapon /dev/sdb2

Windows: Files

• Master File Table - MFT

• File name, Timestamp, Permissions, Compression, Locations, Etc.

• file record number

• shortcut

• Symbolic links

• GUI

• cd links

• notepad.exe file_1_shortcut.lnk

• notepad.exe file_1_symlink file_1.lnk

• Hard link

• \H

• notepad.exe file_1_symlink

• mklink /H file_1_hardlink file_1.txt

Linux: Files

• inode
• Softlink - File - HDD
• Hardlink - Inode - Inode table - HDD - File
• ls -l important_file
• ln -s
• ls -l important_file important_file_softlink
• ls -l important_file important_file_hardlink
• ls -l important_file

Windows: Disk Usage

• Computer Management

• GUI

• Disk Usage

• cleanmgr.exe

• Defragmentation

• The idea behind disk defragmentation is to take all the files stored on a given disk, and recognize them into neighboring locations.

• Trim

• Disk Defragmenter

• GUI

Linux: Disk Usage

• du -h
• df
• df -h

Windows: Filesystem Repair

• Data buffer A region of RAM that’s used to tempararily store data while it’s being moved around

• Data corruption

• NTFS - NTFS Log

• Self-healing

• fsutil

• fsutil repair query C:

• Chkdsk

• /F

• chkdsk /F D:

Linux: Filesystem Repair

• fsck
• sudo fsck /dev/sda